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Pterygium is a condition characterized by the growth of benign tissue on the conjunctiva that can extend onto the cornea. One of the primary factors associated with the development of pterygium is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. UV radiation can induce changes in the conjunctival epithelium, leading to the formation of this abnormal tissue growth.

Individuals who spend significant amounts of time in sunny environments, such as outdoor workers and those living in tropical regions, are at a higher risk for developing pterygium as a result of chronic UV exposure. This pathophysiological link underscores the importance of UV protection, such as wearing sunglasses or hats with brims when exposed to sunlight.

The other options such as diabetes mellitus, increased intraocular pressure, or genetic predisposition do not have a direct correlation with the formation of pterygium and are not considered significant risk factors. Thus, understanding the link between UV exposure and pterygium formation is crucial for prevention and management strategies in individuals at risk.